Endocrine Physiology 3

1. What is the process by which glucose is broken down to pyruvate or lactate?

Glycolysis

2. What is the other name of citric acid cycle?

Kreb’s cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle

3. Why does citric acid cycle cannot function in anaerobic conditions?

It requires oxygen

4. How many ATPs are generated per 1 mol of glucose metabolized to pyruvate?

4 mol ATP

5. Name the condition in which there is accumulation of glycogen in skeletal muscles due to deficiency of muscle phosphorylase.

McArdle’s syndrome

6. What condition does congenital deficiency of galactose -1 phosphate uridyl transferase enzyme lead to?

Galactosemia

7. What causes gout?

Deposition of urate crystals in joints and kidney

8. How does colchicines helps in gout treatment?

Inhibition of phagocytosis of uric acid crystals by leucocytes, which relieves pain

9. How do chylomicrons enter the circulation, although they are large lipoprotein complexes?

Through lymphatics

10. Name the enzyme that helps to clear the chylomicrons from circulation.

Lipoprotein lipase

11. Name the cofactor required for lipoprotein lipase for the removal of triglycerides from circulation

Heparin

12. What condition does deficiency of vitamin A lead to?

Night blindedness / Nyctalopia

13. What condition does deficiency of Vitamin B,-niacin lead to?

Pellagra

14. What is the effect of folate deficiency during pregnancy on children?

Neural tube defect

15. What is the effect of Vitamin C deficiency?

Scurvy

16. Name the proteinaceous material in the acini of thyroid gland.

Colloid

17. What is the synonym of thyroxine?

Tetraiodothyronine.

18. Why is iodide pump an active transport?

It pumps iodide and Na against the electrochemical gradient

19. Name the parent compound of thyroid hormones.

Thyroglobulin

20. Name the enzyme that oxidizes iodide to bind with tyrosine.

Thyroid peroxidise.

 ( UMS, 2008 )