Cardiovascular physiology XIII

1. A portion of venous blood from the legs is returned towards the heart. What is this process called?

Venous pumps /skeletal muscle pump

2. What is the main cause of varicose vein?

Venos valve incompetence

3. Name the catheters used to measure central veous pressure.

Central venous catheters

4. Name the capacitance vessels

Veins

5. Name the Windkessel vessels.

Aorta and major arteries

6. Name the exchange vessels.

Capillaries

7. Name the resistance vessels

Arterioles

8. In capillaries flow of blood is intermittent. What is the cause of this intermittent flow?

Due to vasomotion / intermittent contraction of metaarterioles and precapillary sphincters.

9. Name the two parts of a vasomotor centre.

Vasoconstrictor and vasodilator areas

10. What type of receptors are the baroreceptors?

Stretch receptors

11. Carotid baroreceptors transmit impulses through a small nerve to glossopharyngeal nerve. What is the nerve?

Herring’s nerve / sinus nerve

12. Name the pressure buffer nerves

Vagus and Glossopharyngeal

13. Where are the low-pressure receptors located?

Atrial / pulmonary arterial walls

14. Atrial stretch due to an increase in blood volume releases one hormone that acts on the kidney. Name the hormone.

Atrial natriuretic peptide

15. What is the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on blood volume?

Decrease in blood volume (excess excretion)

(Physiology; UMS 2008)