Endocrine Physiology 4

1. Name the pre-albumin that transports thyroid hormone in plasma.

Thyroid binding pre-albumin (TBPA) or transthyretin.

2. What is the condition that is called enlarged thyroid gland?

Goiter

3. What is Hashimoto’s disease?

Autoimmune disease of thyroid-T cells destroy thyroid tissue

4. What is the synonym of exopthalmos?

Proptosis

5. Name the ion that is co-transported along with iodide into the thyroid follicle.

Ion Na

6. Name the site in the thyroid follicle where iodination of tyrosine takes place.

Lumen of the follicle

7. What helps in the release of thyroid hormones from thyroglobulin?

Lysosomal enzymes

8. There are four receptors for thyroid hormones. Where are these receptors located in the cell?

Cell nucleus

9. Thyroid hormones stimulate the activity of one important transport enzyme. Name that enzyme.

Na+ -K+ ATPase

10. Thyroid hormone activates the breakdown of ATP and releases heat. What is the name of the heat producing property of thyroid hormone?

Calorigenic action

11. Thyroid hormones have a permissive effect on catecholamines. What makes thyroid hormones to mimic these catecholamine actions?

Up-regulation of beta adrenergic receptors by thyroid hormones in the tissue.

12. Patients with hyperthyroidism develop anxiety, nervousness and tachycardia. Name the group of drugs that are used to treat them.

Beta adrenergic receptor Blockers.

13.  Absence of thyroid hormones during foetal life results in mental retardation. What is this condition called?

Cretinism

14. What is the major cause of cretinism?

Maternal dietary iodine deficiency

15. Excessive cabbage consumption may lead to goiter. Name the substance that is present in cabbages which induces goiter.

Progoitrin / goitrin L-5 Vinyl-2-thiooxazolidone

16. Excessive iodide produces a mild inhibition of  binding of iodide to thyroglobulin. What is this inhibition called?

Wolff-Chaikoff effect

17. Name the group of compounds that inhibit the iodination of monoiodotyrosine during coupling reaction.

Thiourylenes

18. Name one thiourylene used clinically to block coupling reaction.

Propylthiouracil Methimazole

19. Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease. Name the hormone receptor against which antibodies are developed in this condition.

TSH receptor

20. Generally in autoimmune diseases, receptor protein is attacked, but in TSH-receptor antibodies it is not receptor preotein destruction. What mechanism is involved in TSH receptor antibody action?

Antibodies (against TSH receptors) stimulate the TSH receptor

 ( UMS, 2008 )