1. Name the part of the nephron where filtration takes place.
Glomerulus
2. What are cortical nephrons?
Nephrons with glomerulus located in the outer cortex
3. Name the component of plasma that is not filtered through the normal glomerulus.
Plasma proteins
4. Name the three important processes that are involved in urine formation
Glomerular fitration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
5. What is the advantage of high GFR?
To allow the kidney to remove toxic wastes rapidly
6. How many times in the kidneys, entire plasma is filtered and processed each day?
60 times
7. What is the total GFR produced per day in a healthy adult?
180 L or 125 mL / min
8. Name the ion which is not freely filtered through glomerular capillaries because of its binding with proteins.
Plasma calcium
9. Name the two important pressures in the glomerulus that determines the GFR
Hydrostatic and colloidal osmotic pressure
10. What is the formula for filtration fraction?
GFR / renal plasma flow
11. What is the Bowman’s capsule pressure?
18 mm Hg
12. What is the glomerular oncotic pressure?
32 mm Hg
13. What happens to the rate of GFR when Bowman’s capsule pressure increases?
Decreases
14. What happens to the rate of GFR when there is activation of sympathetic nervous system?
Decreases
15. What is the effect of endothelial-derived nitric oxide on GFR?
Increased GFR
16. Name the site that has a powerful loop diuretic effect in thee nephron.
.Ascending limb of loop of Henle
17. Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water?
Thick ascending loop of Henle
18. Which part of the nephron is referred as diluting segment?
Ascending limb of loop of Henle
19. Name the substance used to estimate GFR?
Inulin
20. Name one substance used to estimate renal plasma flow.
( UMS, 2008 )
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