Renal Physiology 2

1. Name the three fluid compartments of the body.

Extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid

2. What is transcellular fluid?

Fluid in synovial, peritoneal, pericardial and intraocular spaces

3. What is the total volume of transcellular fluid in an average person?

1-2 litres

4. Which fluid compartment of the body does the plasma represent?

Extra-cellular fluid

5. In the measurement of the body fluid compartment, the indicator dilution method is used. On what principle does the indicator dilution method is adopted?

Principle of conservation

6. Name one substance that is used to measure total body water.

Deuterium

7. Name one highly lipid-soluble substance that is used to measure total body water

Antipyrine

8. Name any one substance used to measure the ECF volume

Radioactive sodium / choride / iothalamate / inulin

9. Name the substance used to measure plasma volume

Serum albumin labeled with radioactive iodine-125

10. Name one dye used to measure plasma volume

Evans blue (T-1824)

11. What is the major determinant of the distribution of fluid between intracellular and extracellular compartments?

Sodium

12. What makes intracellular compartment to remain isotonic with extracellular compartment most of the time?

The permeability of water across the cell membrane

13. What is the rate of diffusion of water across a cell membrane known as?

Rate of osmosis

14. Name the unit of measurement of total number of particles in a solution.

Osmole

15. One osmole is equivalent to how many moles

1 mole

16. One milliosmole is equivalent to how many osmole?

1/1000

17. What is osmoles per kilogram of water?

Osmolality

18. What is osmoles per litre of water?

Osmolarity

19. Based on what law is osmotic pressure calculated mathematically?

Van’t Hoff’s law

20. Name the basic unit of a kidney

Nephron

 ( UMS, 2008 )