Gastrointestinal 2

1. What will people with absence of lactase in the brush borders of the GIT tract suffer from?

Lactose intolerance

2. Which vitamin prevents the oxidation of unsaturated fats?

Vitamin E

3. Which vitamin is essential for collagen formation?

Vitamin C

4. A deficiency of which vitamin that could lead to night-blindness?

Vitamin A

5. What will deficiency of vitamin D in children lead to?

Rickets

6. Name the mucosal cells of small intestine.

Enterocytes

7. Brush border membrane in the luminal side of enterocytes is rich in neutral and amino acids. Name this layer.

Glycocalyx

8. What is the synonym of myenteric plexus?

Auerbach’s plexus

9. Name the mesenchymal pacemaker cells that initiate basic electrical rhythm in GIT.

Interstitial cells of Cajal

10. What are APUD cells?

Cells that manufacture amines and polypeptides

11. Gastrointestinal contractions are rhythmic. What decides the frequency of these contractions?

Slow waves of smooth muscle

12. What is the name of true action potentials in GIT?

Spike potential

13. In GIT system, which ion is greatly responsible for thr action potential?

Calcium

14. Name the in channel that opens during the initiation of action potential in gastrointestinal smooth muscle.

Calcium-sodium channels

15. Name the neurotransmitter that depolarizes the smooth muscle membrane of GIT tract.

Acetylcholine

16. Myenteric plexus contains inhibitory neurons too. Name the inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide

17. Name a neurotransmitter that brings about the relaxation of pyloric and ileocecal valves resulting in the emptying of food.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide

 

18. Which nerve fibres control the external anal sphincter?

Pudendal nerve

19. Surface of the GIT tract is lined by pits. What are these pits?

Crypts of Lieberkuhn

20. What is the primay fuction of enterochromaffin cells?

Secretion of histamine

21. The rate of formation and secretion of HCl is directly related to the secretion of a substance. What is this substance.

Histamine.

 ( UMS, 2008 )